Friday, 14 October 2011

NZ salvage crews race to pump oil from stricken vessel

NZ salvage crews race to pump oil from stricken vessel

Soldiers continue clean-up operations on the Bay of Plenty coastline on New Zealand's North Island on Thursday, after more oil from the stricken vessel Rena washed up Hundreds of people are helping with the clean-up, and thousands more have volunteered

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Salvage teams are preparing to pump the remaining fuel out of a cracked cargo ship which is listing badly off the New Zealand coast.
On Friday, the teams worked to install equipment and platforms on the high side of the Rena to provide a level base for the operation.
Weather conditions were calm but the ship remained "very, very dangerous", a salvage company worker reportedly said.
The hull is cracked and the ship could break up imminently, officials say.
More than 300 tonnes of heavy fuel oil are estimated to have spilled from the hull already, polluting many kilometres of nearby beaches.
Last week, crews drained about 10 tonnes of oil from the vessel before bad weather forced them to suspend the operation.
Environmentalists have warned of a disaster for wildlife if all 1,700 tonnes of oil and 200 tonnes of diesel held on board spill into the sea.
The Greek-owned and Liberian-flagged cargo ship ran aground on 5 October on Astrolabe Reef, 22km (14 miles) from Tauranga Harbour on New Zealand's North Island.
An investigation is under way as to how the accident happened on a well-marked reef in calm weather.
Dead birds
The Rena is perched precariously on the reef, listing at an angle of up to 25-degrees. A huge crack encircles its hull and Maritime New Zealand says all that is holding the boat together are its internal structures.
In this handout provided by New Zealand Defence Force, an Air Force helicopter winches a salvage expert onto the grounded vessel, the Rena, on Thursday off Tauranga, New Zealand Salvage officials say they believe the ship's oil tanks are still intact
The salvage crews had hoped to resume pumping on Friday, but the complexity of preparations forced them to put off the operation until Saturday at the earliest.
"There is some hope... they might be able to start pumping oil tomorrow, but we cannot pin time frames on things - that ship is very, very dangerous," Matthew Watson of the Svitzer salvage company told Reuters news agency.
He said oil leaks from the ship had slowed and there was a "reasonable level of confidence" that the stern tanks were intact and would hold.
Oil and debris from the boat, including some shipping containers, have washed up along a 60km section of the coast and a clean-up operation is under way.
Some 1,000 people - including soldiers, wildlife experts and residents - have joined the operation and authorities say some 3,000 in total have volunteered to help. Some 1,000 birds are said to have died.
Apology dismissed
The ship's Filipino captain and second officer have been charged over the incident.
Six sailors from the vessel, who are being questioned, are being held at a secret location for their own protection amid public anger over the affair, AFP news agency quoted the ship's agent Mike Hodgins as saying.
The agency also quoted a Filipino community group as saying one of its members had been abused in the street and appealing for the disaster not to become a "racial issue".
The ship's owner, Costamare Shipping Inc, has issued an apology, saying the ship's captain was experienced, with an "exemplary record", and the ship was in good condition.
"However, to the people of Tauranga, we want to say that we are deeply sorry for the situation that has arisen and the threat you are now facing from fuel oil from the vessel washing up on the beaches in your beautiful part of the world," the statement said.
It said it had sent "the best experts from around the world to help deal with the situation".
But Tauranga Mayor Stuart Crosby dismissed the statement, saying on local television that it was "half an apology and a lot of excuse", Reuters reported.

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Dolphins 'decompress like humans'


Dolphins 'decompress like humans'

Common dolphin (Credit: IFAW) Stranded dolphins are common along the coast of Cape Cod in winter months

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Scientists have found tiny bubbles beneath the blubber of dolphins that have beached themselves.
The bubbles were discovered by taking ultrasound scans of the animals within minutes of stranding off Cape Cod, US.
The team's findings help confirm what many researchers have long suspected: dolphins avoid the bends by taking long, shallow decompression dives after feeding at depth.
The study is reported in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
Many biologists believe that marine mammals do not struggle, as human divers do, with decompression sickness - "the bends" - when ascending from great depths.
In humans, breathing air at the comparatively high pressures delivered by scuba equipment causes more nitrogen to be absorbed into the blood and the body's tissues, and this nitrogen comes back out as divers ascend.
If divers ascend too quickly, the dissolved nitrogen forms bubbles in the body, causing decompression sickness.
But marine mammals such as whales, dolphins, and seals are highly adept at dealing with the pressures of the deep.
They slow their hearts, collapse the tiny air-filled chambers in their lungs, and channel blood to essential organs - like the brain - to conserve oxygen, and limit the build-up of nitrogen bubbles in the blood that happens at depth.

'The bends'

  • As a diver descends, nitrogen, which makes up about 80% of the air, is absorbed into the body's tissues
  • If a diver ascends slowly, the nitrogen slowly seeps out of the body's tissues and is exhaled in a process called off-gassing
  • If a diver ascends too quickly without ample time to off-gas, nitrogen forms tiny bubbles in the blood, which if left untreated can be fatal
  • Joint pain is a common symptoms of having nitrogen bubbles in the blood, and causes sufferers to bend and contort - giving the decompression sickness its colloquial name "the bends".
However, veterinary scientist Michael Moore from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in the US, thinks that it is "naive" to think that diving mammals do not also struggle with these laws of chemistry.
Even marine mammals ascending from the deep must rid themselves of the gas that has built up in their tissues, or risk developing the bends.
If dolphins, he explained, come up too quickly then there is evidence that they "grab another gulp of air and go back down again," in much the same way a human diver would "re-tank and re-ascend" to try to prevent the bends.
"But there's one place you can't do that [if you are a dolphin] and that's sitting on the beach," Dr Moore told BBC News.
And so when he and his team scanned eight Atlantic white-sided dolphins and 14 short-beaked common stranded dolphins using ultrasound, they were not surprised to find tiny bubbles below the blubber of the animals.
Because three of the dolphins were scanned within minutes of their stranding, the team ruled out the possibility that the air pockets were a result of beaching, and instead think that they formed while the animals were still in the water.
Bends over Sascha Hooker, a marine mammal ecologist with the Sea Mammal Research Unit in St Andrews, UK, commented: "This study is much less about why animals strand, and much more about using stranded animals to give us a bit more insight [into] what is going on inside live marine mammals.
"[What's] particularly interesting from this is that the animals that were released... survived.
"So it looks like these animals are able to deal with some bubbles."
She explained that studying the behaviour and physiology of diving animals is incredibly difficult because researchers cannot follow them down to the deep.
Stranded animals, therefore, offer researchers rare access to these expert divers to measure what changes they undergo to avoid the bends.

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Sighting in Penzance was a dwarf sperm whale

Sighting in Penzance was a dwarf sperm whale

Dwarf Sperm Whale - Pic: Hannah Jones of Marine Discovery, Penzance The small whale spotted near Penzance has been confirmed as a dwarf sperm whale

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A marine research charity has confirmed a small whale spotted near Penzance was a dwarf sperm whale.
The animal, little more than the size of a porpoise, swam into Mounts Bay, in west Cornwall, on Sunday.
Dr Peter Evans, Director of Sea Watch, said the species had never previously been recorded off the UK coast.
The confirmation means that 29 species of cetaceans have now been recorded in UK and Irish waters. Scientists know little about the whale.
The whale was spotted on the beach and the sighting then reported to the coastguard and the Cornwall Wildlife Trust strandings officer, Jan Loveridge.
A member of the public then managed to re-float the animal, which subsequently swam away.
Dr Peter Evans said: "Pictures of the Penzance whale show it to be dwarf sperm whale, its fin being large and almost triangular.
"This species has been recorded on only a handful of occasions in Europe, including Spain and France, and never in Britain or Ireland.
"It is just one of the increasing number of records of warm water species to be turning up around the British Isles in recent years."
So little is known about the dwarf sperm whale, that it is listed as 'data deficient' on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

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