Sunday, 27 November 2011

Crewman's body recovered


Crewman's body recovered, five missing in sinking off north Wales


SwanlandThe Swanland came close to grounding on rocks off Cornwall last year

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A crewman on a cargo carrier which has sunk off the coast of north Wales has been found dead, coastguards have confirmed.
Five crew from the 81-metre (265ft) Swanland are still missing.
The ship, with 3,000 tonnes of limestone onboard, disappeared 30 miles north-west of the Lleyn peninsula.
Two RNLI lifeboats, with four search and rescue helicopters and two commercial boats, are taking part in the search.
Two other rescued crew members have been taken to hospital in Bangor.
The Swanland's crew raised the alarm at about 02:00 GMT.
They reported the hull was thought to have cracked in bad weather and the ship was taking on water.
One liferaft has been found near Bardsey island off the Lleyn peninsula, but it was empty.
The ship was carrying rock that was loaded at the Llanddulas jetty near Abergele and was en route to Cowes on the Isle of Wight. The Swanland regularly visits the area.
Holyhead coastguard, who are co-ordinating the rescue, said they were very concerned for the missing men.
Map of the areaThe ship is understood to have gone down 20 miles north-west of the Lleyn peninsula
Jim Green, from the station, said: "We are very concerned for the safety of the other six crew members."
"We know that at least some of them are wearing immersion suits and have strobe lighting with them, however sea conditions are challenging at best," he added.
Jo Groenenberg, also from Holyhead coastguard, said weather and sea conditions are difficult, with gale force eight winds.
She said the sea temperature at this time of year would be about 14 to 15 Celsius.
Floating debris
"And, of course, the rescuers have been searching since two o'clock, it's been very dark overnight, so that's made it more difficult as well."
The coastguard sent out a mayday relay and several vessels responded and went to the scene to assist.
When the vessels arrived, they found two liferafts and some floating debris.
One helicopter from RAF Valley on Anglesey and another from Dublin Coastguard arrived at the scene, as well as RNLI lifeboats from Pwllheli and Porthdinllaen.
Jo Groenenberg, Holyhead coastguard: "The hull had cracked and the vessel was starting to take water"
Two people who were clinging to liferafts were rescued and airlifted to RAF Valley on Anglesey. The search is continuing for the remaining five crew members.
There are currently four helicopters taking part in the search for the missing crew members - two from RAF Valley, one from RAF Chivenor and one from Ireland.
Porthdinllaen RNLI spokesman Dylan Thomas said its volunteer lifeboat crew had found two empty inflatable liferafts and a lot of debris when they arrived at the scene early on Sunday.
"The conditions now it's daylight are better. It's better visibility and the sea state is slightly calmer. The wind's gone down a bit," he said.
Lizard peninsula
He added: "Some strobe lights have been found by the rescue helicopter and an emergency position beacon has been located.
"There is numerous bits of debris over a large area."
In August 2010, the Swanland's engines failed and it came close to grounding on rocks off the Lizard peninsula in Cornwall.
According to one shipspotting website, the vessel was built in the Netherlands and is owned by a company, Torbulk, in Grimsby.
Managers, who have met at the office to discuss the incident, told the BBC they will not be making any comment until later on Sunday.
RAF Valley is where Prince William is based as a search-and-rescue pilot but it is not clear if he was on duty this weekend.

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Wednesday, 23 November 2011

Chevron faces $145m in possible Brazil fines

Chevron says there have been no new leakage from the spill off the coast of Rio de Janeiro [Reuters]

Brazil could place fines of more than $145m on Chevron over its oil spill, and the US  energy giant could be barred from operating in the country's deepwater fields, officials say.
Brazil's environment agency Ibama fined Chevron $28m on Monday for the environmental damage caused by its leaking well off Rio de Janeiro state,. It said that overall penalties could eventually total much more.
The National Oil Agency (ANP) has launched proceedings to impose two additional fines of $28m each on Chevron for releasing "false information" and for not having adequate equipment to contain the spill.
The Rio de Janeiro state said it would seek compensation from Chevron for "damage to the marine biodiversity and other coastal ecosystems" that could reach $56m.
The US firm must also satisfy Ibama that it followed appropriate emergency procedures.
In case of violations, Ibama could impose an additional penalty of $5.5m, bringing the total cost Chevron faces to $145.5m.
On November 8, a helicopter from Brazil's state-owned oil company Petrobras  spotted a crude oil slick on the ocean and the leakage was traced by an underwater robot to a well 1,200-metre deep near the Frade field, 370km northeast of the Rio de Janeiro coast.
On November 11, Chevron began cleaning the slick, which according to ANP has now been reduced to 2sq km.
Our technicians and those of Ibama say that two thirds of the oil have not reached the surface... Tar spots are going to appear on beaches of Arraial [do Cabo], Angra dos Reis, Ubatuba within two weeks or a month," Carlos Minc, Rio state's environment secretary, said.
"Four days [to begin cleaning] is too long. The oil spill is like a fire, the first hour is critical," David Zee, an oceanographer who is advising the federal police in the case, said.
George Buck, Chevron's Brazil country manager, has said the company "takes full responsibility for this incident".
He said 2,400 barrels of oil seeped into the ocean between November 8 and 15 but ANP and the non-governmental organisation respectively have reported 3,000 and 29,904 barrels.
Chevron said on Tuesday there was no new leakage at the Frade project oil spill.
The company could lose its authorisation to take part in exploration of recent sub-salt oil fields.
These fields are off the country's southeast Atlantic coast beneath kilometers of ocean, bedrock and hot salt-beds.
Estimates vary, but ANP say the new reserves could surpass 100 billion barrels of high-quality recoverable oil.
The government had planned to examine Chevron's bid for sub-salt oil exploration this week. However, Harold Lima, the NP chief, said the US firm now finds itself in a "very complicated situation"

Rio de Janeiro Chevron oil spill


Sunday, 20 November 2011

Brazil police probe Rio de Janeiro Chevron oil spill

Police released aerial footage of the oil spill

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Brazilian police are investigating an oil spill in an offshore field operated by the US company Chevron.
Ships are working to disperse the slick 120km (75 miles) off the coast of Rio de Janeiro state, and Chevron says it has plugged the oil well.
Brazil's Energy Minister Edison Lobao has said the company will be "severely punished" if it is found to have failed in its environmental responsibilities.
In recent years Brazil has discovered huge oil reserves in the Atlantic.
The oil is leaking from a well in the Frade oil project, 370km (230 miles) off the Brazilian coast.
Chevron initially estimated that 400-650 barrels of oil had formed a sheen on the water after seeping from the seabed near the well.
But the international environmental group Skytruth said satellite images suggested the spill was many times bigger.
Brazilian energy minister Edison Lobao said the spill "was not as serious as had been announced" and was not moving towards the Brazilian coast.
But he said Brazil's oil agency ANP was monitoring the situation closely and would apply the full force of the law.
"If Chevron is not fulfilling its responsibilities, it will be more severely punished," he said.
ANP said underwater images showed Chevron's effort to permanently seal the well with cement appeared to have been successful, although there appeared to be a residual flow of oil from the seabed.
"The slick is continuing to move away from the coast and dispersing, as is desired," it added.
'Bad faith'
Police environment experts have been sent on navy helicopters to assess the scale of the spill.
Green Party members of the Brazilian Congress have called for a debate on the matter.
Federal deputy Jose Sarney Filho said Chevron appeared to have underplayed the scale of the accident.
"What has alarmed us is the lack of transparency on the part of the company and the attempt to minimise the size of the disaster," he told the official news agency Agencia Brasil.
"This is a clear demonstration of bad faith," he added.
Chevron said on Thursday the flow of oil from the ocean floor has been reduced to "infrequent droplets" and the remaining oil sheen on the surface was estimated at less than 65 barrels.
"Chevron continues to fully inform and work with Brazilian government agencies and industry partners on all aspects of this matter," the company said in a statement.
In recent years Brazil has discovered billions of barrels of oil in deep water that could make it one of the world's top five producers.
So far there has been little public debate about the environmental dangers of offshore drilling.
Political discussion has instead focused on how future oil revenues should be divided between different states.

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The impact of climate variability on water availability and irrigation water use is taken into account. The important driving forces of global change are included such that relevant global change scenarios can be generated. The computations of present-day and future water availability, water use and water stress that have been generated based on WaterGAP have contributed to various global and continental freshwater resources assessments such as: the 1997 Report of the German Advisory Council on Global Change (Wissenschaftlicher Beirat Globale UmweltverƤnderungen): World in Transition: Ways Towards Sustainable Management of Freshwater Resources the World Water Vision global scenarios of the year 2025 (Vision Report, Chapter 3) Eurowasser - a project financed by BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research) to assess the impact of climate change on water resources, droughts, floods and hydropower in Europe (Kassel World Water Series Report 5) World Water Development Report 2003 of UNESCO (global maps of current water situation) (UNESCO webpage of Report) Third World Water Development Forum, Kyoto 2003 Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (2005)


Global modelling of water resources, water use and water quality

Since 1996, the global water resources and water use model WaterGAP (Water - Global Analysis and Prognosis) has been developed at the Center for Environmental Systems Research at the University of Kassel. Since 2003, further model development is done both in Kassel and at theUniversity of Frankfurt. Based on WaterGAP, the global model of terrestrial nitrogen WaterGAP-N is now being developed at the University ofFrankfurt.
For the whole land area of the world (except Antarctica), WaterGAP computes both the terrestrial components of water flow and storage (surface runoff, groundwater recharge, river discharge, water storage in soil, groundwater and surface water bodies) and water use (for irrigation, livestock, households, thermal power plant and manufacturing) at a spatial resolution of 0.5 degree (55 x 55 km at the equator). The postersWaterGAP 2: Global Hydrology Model (16 MB) and WaterGAP 2: Global Water Use Model (12 MB) provide an overview of the model.
WaterGAP is a tool for assessing the current water resources situation and for estimating the impact of global change on freshwater issues, in particular on the problem of water scarcity. It is designed to simulate the characteristic macro-scale behaviour of the terrestrial water cycle, including the human impact, and to take advantage of all pertinent information that is globally available. WaterGAP simulates the impact of demographic, socioeconomic and technological change on water use as well as the impact of climate change and variability on water availability and irrigation water use. In the course of developing WaterGAP, three global data sets were generated: a global map of irrigated areas, a global drainage direction map and a global lakes and wetlands data set. The current model version WaterGAP 2.1 is unique in that:
  • It includes the only comprehensive global water use model which computes sectoral water uses in grid cells.
  • It includes a global hydrological model that is tuned against measured discharge for 50% of the global land area.
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  • The hydrological model computes both natural and actual discharge (by taking into account streamflow reduction by water use).
  • The impact of climate variability on water availability and irrigation water use is taken into account.
  • The important driving forces of global change are included such that relevant global change scenarios can be generated.
The computations of present-day and future water availability, water use and water stress that have been generated based on WaterGAP have contributed to various global and continental freshwater resources assessments such as:

Monday, 21 November 2011

killer whale freedom


Dutch judge rejects pleas


Morgan has become a hot topic of debate on the internet

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A Dutch judge has ruled that a rescued killer whale can be sent to a Canary Islands amusement park, despite pleas to release the animal into the wild.
Morgan - killer whaleThe case of Morgan the orca sharply divided opinion in the Netherlands.
The orca was rescued by a dolphinarium in Harderwijk after being found exhausted and starving in shallow waters in the Waddenzee in June 2010.
Conservationists are devastated by Monday's ruling, fearing the move to the Canaries will kill Morgan.
The judge in Amsterdam decided however that the orca would have no reasonable chance of survival in the wild.
The plan is to transfer Morgan within days to Loro Parque on Tenerife, where she will join five other orcas in a big tank, on show to the public.
Ahead of the judge's ruling the campaign website of the Free Morgan Foundation had been getting more than 50,000 hits a day.
Tough decision
Niels van Elk, a vet who has been working at the dolphinarium for 13 years, thinks Morgan will be better off in captivity than in the wild.
"The theme park is the best option for her because that is where she can live in a group and that is the best we can offer her," he says.
"We as humans should not pretend that we can replace the challenges and the satisfaction that a group of killer whales can give. It is an artificial environment, it's a different life but it's a good life all the same."
But the Free Morgan campaigners disagree. Thousands, including Dutch supermodels and American philanthropists, signed up to support the campaigners battling to give Morgan back her freedom.
These scientists and orca experts filed a lawsuit, hoping to block the dolphinarium's plan to send Morgan to the Canaries.
According to their research, freedom is the only real option.
Marine biologist Lara Pozzato says the tourist attraction "is an artificial environment, a small tank made of concrete.
"Loro Parque is already overcrowded with four adult orcas plus a calf. They are forced to perform four times a day. These animals are used for profit - they are slaves for entertainment."
Finding new friends
According to the campaigners' statistics, a female orca can live up to 90 years. In captivity life expectancy for orcas is around 20 years.
Sending an orca out on her own is not a simple solution. The popular 1993 movie Free Willy told the tale of a captive orca whale that once released into the ocean was unable to survive.
Orcas are sociable creatures that travel with their pods for life.
For Morgan to be accepted into a group of orcas they have to be able to communicate. Although the scientists found possible matches for Morgan just off the coast of Norway they do not know if she would be welcome in the group.
The campaigners proposed teaching Morgan how to adjust to freedom and planned to help her find new friends, by taking her on "sea walks" to meet other orcas. She would live in a sea pen during the transition to a wild state.

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